The main symptom of osteoporosis fractures. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones become weak and break easily.
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Osteoporosis is the most common worldwide diseases of bones and he is known as the silent disease. The patient usually has no symptoms until they break down bone (fracture), ie, the person off and fall and fracture their forearms, is generally considered a failure, but it should be seen as a red flag to be screened for osteoporosis. ie, the person who breaks the bones in the spine (called vertebral fracture) will start back pain, but 75% of fractures of the spine clinically silent. This means that there is pain at first, but then the pain is reduced or may stop. The man who broke bones in the spine, usually begins to lose height. Loss of height can occur because, as the bones in the spine collapse (fracture) loss of height and / or hump may develop. Osteoporosis, if not diagnosed and left treated, can cause severe pain, loss of independence and can lead to premature death. Osteoporosis can be prevented and treated in most people, but people are usually not diagnosed until they had multiple fractures. Because osteoporosis is widely regarded as a condition that only affects older women, men are at a disadvantage because it is not considered as a diagnosis in men. As a result, they usually do not scan to determine whether they have osteoporosis. One in five men over age 50 will develop osteoporosis fractures during their lives. Up to 20% of symptomatic vertebral fractures and 30% of hip fractures occur in men, where they are associated with excess mortality, morbidity significant, possibly because concomitant diseases associated with osteoporosis, not to destroy itself. All countries with low trauma fractures of both sexes should be treated osteoporosis unless proven otherwise. Osteoporosis risk factor questionnaire to be filled, if any man has a low fracture injury. This destruction of the standing position or less. Examples: broken bone / in trip and fall, coughing, sneezing, perevertayuchys in bed. There is increased morbidity and mortality after all major fractures is higher in men than women. 20% of people aged 60 + who are hip fracture die within 6-12 months due to secondary complications of osteoporosis, which are blood clots, pneumonia or infection from associated beds. 50% of people aged 60 + who fracture a hip will no longer be able to dress, bathe and walk without assistance. Only 30% of people aged 60 + who fracture a hip will recover their independence. Men like women with symptoms of fractures of the spine, often complain of back pain, loss of height and kyphosis (hump on the back), but in men is much less energy, poorer sleep, more emotional problems and reduced mobility than the same age control group. The most common cause of osteoporosis is hypogonadism. (Lack of male hormone testosterone), it may be the result of a number of conditions, including abnormal chromosome, excessive stress, physical or psychological. Overtraining in athletes, especially those that need to maintain low body weight, usually associated with low testosterone and high levels of cortisol (which affects the bones) and low bone density. Dietary problems, low calorie intake, lack of calcium and vitamin D levels in the diet, also play a role. Alcohol abuse me. ie more than 21 units of alcohol a week for people, excessive consumption of caffeine, smoking and lack of exercise are also risk factors. Men with a family history of osteoporosis or a close relative with a history of low trauma hip fracture or fractures of the spine should be submitted for scanning DXA. Genetics is one of the strongest ties to treat osteoporosis, because bone is 80% genetic. Low fracture injury, which is a broken bone from a trip and fall should not be considered normal at any age if your bones are healthy, they will not break easily. Osteoporosis can occur as a result of a wide range of medical or surgical conditions or their treatment, these include the use of any of the following procedures:
corticosteroids, some anticonvulsant therapy (drug against epileptic) chronic warfarin or heparin, long-term lithium, increased prolactin Antipsychotic drugs, proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy, radiation cancer, aromatase inhibitors, used in treating prostate cancer, or immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplants and certain diuretics (diuretics). There is also a higher risk of fracture of the hip joint of the conditions associated with increased risk of falls, such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, dizziness, blindness and alcoholism. Prospective study from Australia showed a higher risk of fracture of the hip joint in men with low bone density of the hip, quadriceps weakness (front thigh muscles), increased the influence of the body and the history of the fall of last year. It is recommended that anyone with one or more risk factors, regardless of age and gender, should consider DXA scanning as a silent disease, and so you will not know if you already have. If you have a DXA scan and you have a normal outcome, with risk factors for lifestyle than you can help prevent yourself from developing osteoporosis through lifestyle changes. If you have a DXA scan and the result shows that you have low bone density, you can take appropriate steps for its improvement. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with osteoporosis should be after the full application of risk factors, but generic lasix important, reason / s you can find and address, as well as osteoporosis. DXA scans of the spine and hip is the gold standard for measuring bone mineral density. Irish Society of osteoporosis do not recommend any kind of five scanning to diagnose osteoporosis. The risk of fracture is determined by risk factors and results of bone mineral density of spine and hip (IPC)
Again, all patients with fractures of the spine or low trauma fracture should be investigated in osteoporosis. Treatment of men with osteoporosis should receive life tips, how to reduce bone loss, including adequate intake of calories, calcium and vitamin D, 30 minutes of daily exercise appropriate bearing weight, giving up smoking and reduction of alcohol. If you have a history of falls, attempts should be directed at identifying and changing the main reasons and, in the hope that they can be modified and the risk of further falls and fractures decreased. Example: a pair of walking shoes to wear at home to provide maximum support. Open the back slippers or sandals are not recommended. All procedures should be appointed on an individual basis. Perhaps the main cause of secondary osteoporosis should be treated. Various blood tests and urine tests may be needed before the treatment of osteoporosis. If there is a significant reduction of male hormone in young patients, the treatment of male hormone replacement myself. E. Testosterone may be appropriate.
Dr. Ira Shah, consultant pediatrician, Nanavati Hospital and BJ Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai
Editor - Pediatric OnCall What is our immune system is made up of? Our immune system is very important to maintain immunity in the body and prevent infections. It consists of various body cells and proteins. Infact the first barrier to infection of the skin and mucous membranes that line the nose, lungs and intestines. Our surrounding environment contains many bacteria and viruses. Skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers and prevent entry of microbes in our body and internal organs. If the germ gets another entry in the body (when the skin is damaged or inflamed mucous membranes) of different cells (
) and proteins (antibodies) to help fight infection. What are white blood cells that help fight infection? Our blood is composed of 3 types of cells - (they carry oxygen to different parts of the body), white blood cells (they are composed of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils, which help fight infection) and
(cell to prevent heavy bleeding when there is an injury). Other white blood cells have a different role in maintaining immunity. Neutrophils and monocytes (also called phagocytes) mainly absorb and kill germs. Neutrophils may migrate to foci of infection from the blood within minutes. They are responsible for the formation of "pus". Neutrophils significantly increase the infection and thus lead to increased number of leukocytes. Monocytes are in the flow, but also align the walls of blood vessels in organs such as liver, spleen and lungs. Monocytes in these organs are called macrophages. They capture the bacteria as they pass by in the blood and are especially useful for destroying fungus and tuberculosis bacilli. Lymphocytes mainly consist of B-lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK cells). B-lymphocytes produce antibodies called immunoglobulins (they are highly specialized proteins that bind to shoot and make it easier or inactive phagocytes kill bacteria) B-lymphocytes may produce antibodies against virtually all living organisms.
. How different white blood cells form in the body? B cells develop from stem cells in bone marrow. T lymphocytes also develop from stem cells in bone marrow. In the early life of the fetus, immature T cells migrate to the thymus and develop into mature T lymphocytes. Mature T lymphocytes leave the thymus and then are in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and blood. If the fetus has no thymus, the mature T lymphocytes can not develop. NK cells and phagocytes also develop from stem cells in bone marrow. What are the different antibodies formed in B-lymphocytes? A. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
4. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Another type of antibody formed IgD. Each antibody has a specific structure and specific actions. IgA antibodies present in the mucosa and helps prevent infection in the respiratory tract and intestines. IgM antibodies are the first antibodies formed in response to infection with the subsequent formation of lasix dosing IgG. IgE antibodies responsible for allergic reactions. What other components of the immune system? Another component of the immune system is the complement system. Complement system consists of 30 proteins produced by the liver in an inactive form. In contact with bacteria, complement system is activated and coat sprouts that make it easier for phagocytes to absorb them. What are the important organs are important for the immune system? Thus, bodies are important for immunity thymus, bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and blood. Tonsils also important as they keep in their lymphocytes. Last Updated: 03/26/2011 >>. <<
If you have emphysema or, you know how awful it feels when you get a cold virus. Breathing is very difficult with. This is not just a cold affect your ability to breathe and be active, but the cold virus increases your chances of getting more serious respiratory diseases. BothPare chronic lung diseases that make it difficult to breathe. Both diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, that they are the conditions that lead to airflow limitation and affect breathing. Emphysema and chronic bronchitisPmay occur separately or together, and usually the result of smoking. In addition, although this is rare, genetic form of emphysema can occur in early adult life, even if you never smoked. In your life includes chronic bronchitis and inflammation of the shell extension airways that leads to narrowing and airway obstruction. Inflammation and stimulates the production of mucus, which can lead to further airway obstruction. Airway obstruction, especially mixed with mucus, increases the likelihood of bacterial infection of lungs. Chronic bronchitis usually is defined clinically as a daily cough with phlegm production for three consecutive months. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis is a persistent cough and excess mucus. There is also a higher level of throat and lung infections. People with chronic bronchitis are more likely to both lungs and heart failure. contains many harmful chemicals and smoke our lungs a limited natural filtration / purification system. Cigarette smoke also contains substances that directly damage lung tissue. Smoking irritates the bronchial tubes in the lungs, which in turn leads to the formation of more mucus. Smokers cough, as is widely known, is a sign that the lungs are trying to purify themselves. Emphysema (also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a group of lung diseases characterized by reduced ability of the lungs oxygenated blood. Emphysema and chronic bronchitisPmostly occur together. Emphysema develops over many years as a small air sacs in the lungs are gradually destroyed, usually cigarette smoke. As a result, the surface area to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide is inadequate, and patients are becoming more and more short of breath. Almost half of patients with COPD have anxiety, depression or other psychiatric disorders, compared with 31% in the general population. Women with COPD are more susceptible to psychological problems than men. Emphysema essentially a chronic disease that usually occurs after 40 years. It is rarer in women. almost sixteen million Americans suffer from some form of COPD and emphysema is the fourth ranking cause of death in the United States after heart disease, cancer and stroke.
(news. BBC lasix 7 mg .. co UK)
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Is one of the most deadly form of lung disease. Emphysema deterioration of lung tissue. The end result of this is that the deterioration of the lungs lose their elasticity, and human suffering can no longer breathe. Those who suspect that they suffer from emphysema spirometry test data. This simple and painless test sensitive enough to determine whether human emphysema. Test results also indicate that stage emphysema is in. Spirometer is the most sensitive test for emphysema. They are most common, and because they can identify the beginning of emphysema at an early stage. There are four stages >> <<; risk, mild emphysema, emphysema moderate to severe emphysema. This is the first stage emphysema. The results of spirometry testing will be close to normal. The patient suffers only very mild symptoms. These include mild cough and some phlegm (mucus) production. In this second stage of emphysema, spirometry result is a mild airflow limitation. Symptoms risk stage, cough and sputum production, but will continue to increase in frequency. Soft limits air flow is not enough that you notice in your daily activities. In this third stage emphysema, spirometry result is worsening of bronchial obstruction. Symptoms of cough and sputum production have increased in frequency and severity. Added to the list of symptoms is shortness of breath. Shortness of breath is not always present, but usually develops in strenuous activity. Things as simple as hard work, fast walking or doing other brisk activity will bring on breathing problems. These symptoms, which usually cause a person to see a doctor. In this fourth and final stage emphysema, spirometry result is severe airflow limitation. Symptoms of cough and sputum production will be almost constant. Shortness of breath now go for a little work. Simple walking can cause the patient to choke. In some cases, emphysema in developing respiratory failure. Patients may develop heart failure as well. Until now, little joy left in the patient's life. There is no hope of recovery. Pain and discomfort caused by the symptoms can be dealt with. The disease can never be improved or cured. The best thing people can do for your emphysema is to quit. Each cigarette you cause emphysema become worse and worse. Treatment of emphysema focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving breathing. One of the side effects of emphysema is that the inability to breathe, leading to a more sedentary lifestyle. This omission can lead to health problems even at the top of emphysema. The work done to improve the power light emphysema sufferer is an attempt lasix 12 mg to combat inactivity. Some of the treatments to be used include, medicine, pulmonary (lung) rehabilitation, oxygen, and surgery. .
Osteoporosis in young men in our time is becoming increasingly important public health problem. About 30 percent of fractures occurs in young men linked to osteoporosis.
Genetics: If a young person or parent of osteoporosis, then that person is likely to have osteoporosis than in Men whose parents have no such history. Kidney stones: young people with stones in the kidney, are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Pituitary gland problems or problems with the production of male hormones: young people who have experienced problems are at greater risk of osteoporosis. More Articles: How many people have osteoporosis? What is osteoporosis? How osteoporosis differ from osteomalacia? .
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Part of existing as a living creature to extract energy from food, and we just finished discussing this process in detail. The overall aim
is for energy () and reducing power (), which can be used in particular to increase. This is a generic term for the synthesis of cell structures. Useful analogy when thinking about anabolic is messing toy set, you can play with your child. (Well, well, I still play with my, but I have children as an excuse.) Cells first have to collect carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, calcium and other elements necessary for cell biosynthesis .
cells. Items are usually lasix drug reactions part of the molecules to be found in the environment and. This is usually due to the concentration gradient against them and that the energy required. Once inside cells, the elements going into monomers that the cell needs. Diversity of life on Earth uses surprisingly small number of monomers form a large variety of cellular structures. These monomers can be classified as amino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, fatty acids and vitamins. Monomers polimeryzuyutsya in the macromolecule,,, and
. Finally, the macromolecule are combined into larger collections that are important structures in the cell, ribosomes, chromosomes, membranes and cell walls and many others. While details of how these reactions occur to a cell can be very difficult getting your head around a common concept much easier. Figure 1 - Overview anabolism. The rest of this discussion on metabolic explanation in general terms, the biosynthesis of cell components of cell structures. describes the process of finding items and concentration, the cell. More of molecules collected from the environment and their use to monomers required cell. explains how these monomers are linked together to form polymers are important in the cell. Finally,
describes the concepts that play an important role in determining the structure of cells. Detailed consideration of anabolism beyond this tutorial. The purpose of this section is to present general ideas to help students learn about the issues involved in creating the center and appreciate the beauty and complexity of the process. |
